History and Origin
The origins of the Viola Caipira trace back to the early Portuguese settlers in Brazil, who brought with them the tradition of stringed instruments. Over time, this European instrument adapted to the local culture, evolving into what we know today as the Viola Caipira. It became an integral part of rural life, reflecting the challenges, joys, and stories of the Brazilian countryside through its music. Particularly influential in the Southeast and Central-West regions of Brazil, the Viola Caipira has been a staple in sertanejo music, contributing to its narrative and melodic richness.
Physical Description
The Viola Caipira features a distinctive design that contributes to its unique sound. Typically, it has 10 steel strings arranged in 5 courses, each pair tuned in unison or in octaves, which gives it a rich and resonant tone. The body shape resembles that of a classical guitar, but it is usually smaller and presents a variety of shapes, including the 'pineapple', 'cinturinha', and 'bojo'. The sound hole is often decorated with intricate rosettes, adding to the instrument's visual appeal. Its construction involves various types of wood, with cedar, spruce, and Brazilian rosewood being commonly used for the top, back, and sides, giving the Viola Caipira its characteristic timbre.
References
Numerous artists and groups have contributed to the popularization and recognition of the Viola Caipira, infusing the instrument with unique styles and narratives. Renowned personalities like Almir Sater, with his sophisticated approach to traditional Brazilian music, and Tião Carreiro, a pioneer in the pagode caipira style, have elevated the instrument's prestige. Additionally, the duo Pena Branca and Xavantinho have been pivotal in disseminating caipira music across Brazil, weaving traditional themes with contemporary sounds. These artists, among others, have played a significant role in shaping the musical identity of the Viola Caipira, making it a symbol of Brazil's rich cultural tapestry.