History and Origin
The clavichord’s journey through history begins in the early 14th century, with its earliest documented mention dating back to 1404. Thought to have been developed in the medieval period, this early keyboard instrument quickly became favored for its versatility and expressiveness. Its mechanism involves strings being struck by tangents—small metal blades—as the keys are pressed, allowing for dynamic control over volume and pitch. This enabled musicians to convey emotional depth in their performances, a feature that set the clavichord apart from other contemporary instruments. Over the centuries, the clavichord was refined and enjoyed widespread popularity, especially in Germany, where it became integral to domestic music making and the practice of renowned composers.
Physical Description
The physical build of the clavichord is both compact and elegant, featuring a simple rectangular wooden case that encloses its delicate internal mechanism. The strings run parallel to the keyboard, and are struck by the tangents when the keys are pressed. Unlike the harpsichord, the clavichord allows for dynamic control - softer or louder sounds depending on the touch of the performer. Its small size made it an ideal instrument for private homes and intimate performances, giving it a personal charm. The clavichord's keys are typically made of wood, often topped with bone or ivory, adding to its visual and tactile allure.
References
Throughout its history, the clavichord has been championed by a variety of influential musicians, helping to secure its place in musical lore. Among the most notable figures is Johann Sebastian Bach, whose compositions often exploited the intimate expressiveness of the instrument, showcasing its versatility and depth. Similarly, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, a pivotal figure in the transition from the Baroque to the Classical period, frequently used the clavichord in his compositions and performances, further demonstrating its emotive capabilities. In the contemporary era, artists like Richard Troeger and Derek Adlam have continued to explore and showcase the clavichord's unique qualities, underscoring its enduring appeal and relevance in the world of classical music.